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TCP/IP Lower-Layer (Interface, Internet and Transport) Protocols (OSI Layers 2, 3 and 4)
The TCP/IP protocol suite is largely
defined in terms of the protocols that constitute it; several dozen
are covered in this Guide. Most of the critical protocols of the suite
function at the lower
layers of the OSI
Reference Model: layers 2, 3 and 4, which
correspond to the network interface, internet and transport layers in
the TCP/IP
model architecture. Included here are
the all-important Internet Protocol (IP) at layer 3 and Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) at layer 4, which combine to give TCP/IP its
name.
Due to the importance of these and
other TCP/IP protocols at the lower layers, this is the largest chapter
of The TCP/IP Guide. It contains four subsections. The first describes
the two TCP/IP protocols that reside at the network interface layer,
layer 2 of the OSI model: PPP and SLIP. The second describes a couple
of “special” protocols that reside architecturally between
layers 2 and 3: ARP and RARP. The third covers the TCP/IP internet layer
(OSI network layer, layer 3), including IP and several other related
and support protocol. The fourth describes the TCP/IP transport layer
protocols TCP and UDP.
 Background Information: The high-level section on the TCP/IP protocol suite describes it in general terms and lays out its architecture and key protocols. If you have not already read through it, I strongly recommend that you consider doing so before proceeding here.
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